Cribbage Pro Fairness Audits
Fair cards matter. So does being able to see the evidence!
At Fuller Systems, we take fair play seriously. We believe every player deserves a fair, random deal, whether playing against the computer or another person.
That’s why we’ve been testing and publishing results about our card shuffling for many years.
How Do We Test Fairness?
A fair shuffle means every card has a chance to appear anywhere in the deck. No player should receive better cards simply because of who they are or who they are playing against.
We study large numbers of shuffled decks and compare the results with what we expect from random dealing.
Great hands, unlikely comebacks, and even long losing streaks can happen in a fair game. Looking at many games helps us find patterns that could point to a problem.
Our Published Shuffle Audits
2019: Updated Deck Shuffling and Randomness Audit
Our most recent published shuffle audit examined 2,902,476 actual multiplayer decks!
We studied how often a selected card appeared in each of the 52 positions in the deck. The results closely matched what we expected from random shuffling, with no meaningful differences found in the tested card positions.
Read the 2019 Shuffle Fairness Audit
2010: Our Original Shuffle Analysis
Our original published study showed how card positions spread out across thousands of shuffled decks. It was an early look at our efforts to test the game’s randomness and share the results with players.
Read the Original 2010 Shuffle Analysis
These reports document our earlier shuffle systems and the tests performed at that time.
Fair Shuffle: Check Your Own Game!
We’ve taken fairness a step further with Fair Shuffle.
Instead of only studying thousands or millions of games, Fair Shuffle lets you check the shuffle from your own completed game!
It uses secure random values and the well known Fisher Yates shuffle method. In multiplayer, both players help create the random shuffle.
After playing, you can save a verification file and use our public verifier to recreate the shuffled cards and compare them with the recorded game.
Learn About Fair Shuffle and Verify Your Game
What About the Computer Player?
Our computer opponents are designed to make decisions using only the cards and game information they should know.
We also review and test the computer’s decision making to check that hidden cards and future deals are not being used to choose its moves.
These checks are separate from our shuffle audits, which focus on how the cards are dealt.
Our Ongoing Commitment
Fairness testing doesn’t stop with one report!
We’ve developed additional tools to test card distributions, unusual hands, streaks, and other patterns across games. As we gather enough data from our newer Fair Shuffle system, we’ll share updated audit results here.
Our goal is simple: fair games, honest testing, and giving every player more confidence in every deal.